A polyatomic ion is a group of atoms that are covalently bonded together and carry an overall charge. The sulfate ion, SO₄²⁻, is one sulfur and four oxygens sharing electrons, and the whole group has a 2− charge.
In an ionic compound the group acts as one single ion: it moves, bonds and balances charge as a unit. You will need to recognize these ions by name and by formula, so let's practice.
Clues: many names end in -ate or -ite (sulfate has one more oxygen than sulfite). A few end in -ide (hydroxide, cyanide). Ammonium is the common one with a positive charge.